Speech can be restricted if it poses a clear and present danger of imminent lawless action. This test considers whether the words create a threat that society has a right to prevent.

While hate speech is generally protected, speech that incites violence, discrimination, or 'fighting words' may face restrictions. The distinction lies in the potential harm caused by the speech.

Sets the standard for restricting speech that advocates illegal conduct. Speech can only be prohibited if it is directed at inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action.

Commercial speech (advertising) is protected but subject to intermediate scrutiny. Restrictions must advance a substantial government interest, directly advance that interest, and not be more extensive than necessary.